Sunday, July 28, 2019

A Homebrew Stereo for the Shack


There are times when it's nice to listen to a little music while working at the bench.  For years, I've used a number of different vintage radios for this purpose, but few of them had the modern FM band and none were stereo.  So, I did what any other geek would do and built my own!

A battered old Eico HFT-90 that I had stashed in the attic over my garage provided the vortex that sucked me down this hole.  I don't remember how I came to own this thing, but I've been lugging it around for probably 30 years and it was finally time to do something with it.

It was in pretty rough shape, but it didn't offer up any real fight in my efforts to revive it; the only problem with the electronics were the filter caps were long shot and the controls were dirty.  Cosmetically, though, while the chassis was fine, the cabinet was rusty, so it was a total strip and respray.

But, you might wonder, isn't the HFT-90 monaural?  Yes, but that's easily rectified in any number of ways.  I would have liked to build a tube-based converter, but as a concession to practicality, went solid state using a discontinued device from 40 some years ago, the LM1310.  I was already familiar with that chip, my first job in electronics was working on consumer audio equipment and that chip was everywhere.

The MPX converter is the box above the tuner.  I built it from scrap sheet metal and sprayed it with left-over paint from the tuner.  The circuit is straight from the datasheet, works perfectly and only requires a handful of parts.  The large red lamp is the pilot detect light; the jeweled lens came from the junk pile and it's lit by a clear LED. 

As for the amplifier, I wanted to use tubes for some odd reason, and what better tube for something like this than the dirt-common 6AQ5?  And what better to drive it than a 12AX7?  And what better to use for a chassis than an inverted cake pan?  Honestly, I can't think of anything!

Again, the circuit is plucked straight from the datasheets.  It's the same one found in gazillions of TVs produced in the 50s into the 70s, and is perfectly adequate for this project.  No oxygen-free cables or gold plated binding posts here.  Actually, I did make one modification - I increased the cathode resistors to 1K because the power transformer from my junk-box is a little undersized.  Speaking of transformers, the outputs came from Antique Electronic Supply and I think they were made by Hammond.  They represent the only money spent for parts, about $35.

The speakers are also homebrew using 8" drivers from Parts Express.  The cabinets are built from 3/4" MDF and are sized based on the specs of the drivers at about .75 cubic feet.  I wrapped them in maple veneer because I've never seen maple speakers before.

So, how's it work?  For its intended purpose, filling a 12x14' room with sound, it works perfectly.  With maybe two watts per channel, it's not going to rattle the widows, but for kicking back sipping some Tullamore Dew while listening to Miles Davis, it's good enough.

Friday, May 3, 2019

Mic Amp/Limiter for uBitx

The past few months have been very busy for me, but I somehow managed to knock-out a Version 5 uBitx.  Pretty incredible little rig, congratulations, Farhan!

As it comes, the uBitx is set-up to use a condenser microphone, but it doesn't quite have enough gain to be used with my beloved Astatic 10D.  Not wanting to have yet another microphone on the desk, I adapted the mic amplifier circuit that I used in the SR-16 for the uBitx. 
The circuit is based around the common LM-324 quad op-amp and will work equally well with pin-compatible chips like the TL-074 or TL-084.  The circuit is installed between the dynamic mic and the input to the uBitx, where the mic bias voltage provides the VCC for the op-amp.  I installed it in the rig, though it could just as well be installed in the base of the microphone, provided space exists. 

The circuit itself is pretty straightforward: The first stage is a typical inverting amplifier with about 20 dB of gain.  This feeds the limiter stage, which clips any positive or negative signal peaks exceeding about .7V.  The limiter is also inverting, so the signal at its output is in-phase with the input signal from the microphone (not that this is important...) 

The limiter is followed by a low-pass filter to remove any high-frequency artifacts created in the limiter.  The "knee" of the filter is around 3KHz. This is followed by a buffer stage to provide a low-impedance output to drive the rig. Resistors R4 and R5 form the voltage divider used to provide virtual ground (1/2 VCC) for the first two stages. 

The output of the buffer probably looks odd, what with the two caps and all.  What I'm doing there is creating the equivalent of a 2.35uF non-polarized cap.  This is probably unnecessary; thinking about it,  C9 could be eliminated completely because the DC voltage at pin 14 will always be lower than the uBitx's mic bias voltage.  But, lets ignore that for now.  The DC bias voltage is routed, through R10 to capacitors C2 and C3, which remove any AC from the DC before applying it to the LM324.  Resistors R4 and R5 form the voltage divider used to provide virtual ground (1/2 VCC) for the amplifier/limiter stages, the filter and buffer are "self biased" to 1/2 VCC by the output of the limiter. 

I optimized the gain to suit my 10D/D104 mics, and as such, really have to eat the microphone before it sounds nasty.  This is born out by the reports of "excellent audio" from the 40m SDR police, so I'm satisified with its performance.  If, however, it doesn't provide an appropriate amount of gain for a different mic, that can be adjusted by changing the value of R3 as the gain is determined by the formula AV = R3/R2.  The reason I say to adjust R3 instead of R2 is because R2 pretty much determines the input impedance of the circuit, so you want to keep it around 500-1K.

Friday, February 8, 2019

Homebrew WAS

Could this be the first FT8 WAS earned using only QRPish (10 Watts) scratch-built homebrew gear?  If not, it's got to be a very small club.
I'm not much into paper chasing, but see the appeal of it and would love to see the ARRL (and other amateur radio organizations) recognize our accomplishments in the realm of homebrewing much the same as they do contest results and DXCC stats. 

After several years and moderate success as a DXer and contester, I was totally burned-out until I added the homebrew dimension.  How many more of us are out there?  Certainly, I can't be the only one.

ARRL, CQ, etc.; Are you listening?